Queen’s Gazette: What motivated you to enter this field?

AP: There were two primary motivations driving my interest: Firstly, the dynamic nature of chromatin, which is essential for adapting to ever-changing environments and vital for cellular responses. Aristotle noted a long time ago that life requires movement, and it is fascinating to study how atoms and molecules move in time to perform their specific functions. Even more so – to study how these movements are affected by disease perturbations. 

The second motivation stems from the pervasive impact of cancer on individuals and families. Now that we know many cancer alterations are primarily caused by environmental factors, it underscores the importance of exploring the link between chromatin and cancer so we can advance our understanding of this disease and allow for more precise treatment options

Queen’s Gazette: Could you explain the computational methods that you use in your research to analyze the causes of disease progression?

AP: Cancer mutations bring about changes involving just a few atoms. Despite their small scale, these alterations can have far-reaching effects on the extensive chromatin systems. However, conventional experimental techniques are not capable of tracking each individual atom in these systems over time. To bridge this gap and gain deeper insights into the effects of mutations and chemical modifications, we employ molecular dynamics simulations—a technique that allows us to map individual atoms in time.

Additionally, we adopt integrative approaches by combining experimental data with molecular dynamic simulations and machine learning algorithms. Our work builds upon the advancements made by numerous researchers in the field of molecular modeling and machine learning over the past decade. Breakthroughs in high-performance computing have also empowered us to simulate biological systems within biologically relevant timescales.

Queen’s Gazette: In terms of therapeutic strategies, how might your research inform the development of new treatment pathways for precision medicine?

AP: By gaining insights into how mutations disrupt normal cellular functions, we can identify potential therapeutic targets. If we predict driver mutations and their impact on new targets, we then can unveil novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Understanding why these mutations are occurring in a patient’s genome is crucial for cancer diagnosis. And, we can further explore how various environmental factors contribute to these mutations’ etiology at the level of DNA and chromatin.  In our work, we hope to not only deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cancer, but also demonstrate the possibilities of driver mutations as biomarkers in personalized therapeutic approaches.

Queen’s Gazette: As we celebrate The UN’s International Day of Women and Girls in Science, what further steps need to be taken to achieve gender equality in STEM?

AP: I think it’s important that we find ways to embrace diversity, which encompasses a broad range of perspectives and experiences. Focusing on creating an open environment where students and researchers can concentrate on their research endeavors is crucial to the advancement of science. I aim to foster inclusive environments where all individuals, regardless of gender, race, or ethnicity, can focus on their scientific pursuits unhindered. Such an approach not only benefits science but also contributes to a more equitable society. 

Queen’s Gazette: What message would you like to convey to aspiring women and girls interested in pursuing a career in science, particularly in computational biology and biophysics?

AP: Maintaining a sense of wonder and awe towards scientific discoveries was crucial for sustaining my motivation. Also, patience, perseverance, and challenging the stereotypes. This is particularly relevant for women and other minority groups, who often confront challenges due to unconscious biases that can influence judgment, even in scientific fields. 

Securing support in early career is extremely important, not only from a scientific standpoint but also on a personal level. It often takes the form of mentorship and guidance. Mentors, like captains, can steer our ships in the uncharted waters of the research journey. Engaging in networking activities, going to conferences, and meeting new people are equally important.