Thesis, Other Science Publications, and Theses Supervised 

 

Lymphocyte Transformation. Forsdyke Ph.D thesis (1967)

 

Multiauthor volumes (1966-2014)

 

l. D. R. Forsdyke.  Proceedings of Symposium on "The Biological Effects of Phytohaemagglutinin", Ed. Elves, M.W., The R. Jones & A. Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, England, p. ll5-l23. "Nucleic acid changes during PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in vitro, and the possible relationship of this phenomenon to immune processes in vivo" (l966).

 

2. P. Milthorp and D. R. Forsdyke.  Proceedings 5th Leukocyte Culture Conference  Ed. Harris, J. Academic Press, N.Y., p. l43-l7l.  Activation by Con A and PHA of rat lymphocytes in homologous or heterologous serum: dependence of inhibition at high Con A/serum ratios on complement (l970b).

 

3. D. R. Forsdyke.  Proceedings 11th Leukocyte Culture Conference  Ed. D. O. Lucus, Academic Press, New York, 730-732.  Serum factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated by antigen:  IV. Increased divergence between antigen dose-response curves in heated and control serum with rabbits immunized to increase the proportion of high specificity cells (l977c). Click Here

 

4. D. R. Forsdyke & F.W. Scott.  In: Cell Compartmentation and Metabolic Channelling  Ed. Lynen, F., Mothes, K., & Nover, L.  Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. l77-l84.  "Exogenous purine deoxyribonucleosides do not prevent inhibition of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea: evidence for nonconvergence of de novo and salvage pathways." (l979c).

 

5. D. R. Forsdyke. Proceeding l3th Leukocyte Culture Conference  Ed. Kaplan, J. G., Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 355-360. Colchicine inhibits the early enhancement of [3H]uridine incorporation in lymphocytes activated by high concentrations of concanavalin-A (l979d).

 

6. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 11, 537-539 (2002). Gregor Mendel.  (also Nature Encyc. Hum. Genome. 2003) Click Here [Updated for Wiley Online Library 2018]

7. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 3, 115-117 (2002). William Bateson.   (also Nature Encyc. Hum. Genome. 2003) Click Here

8. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 16, 605-606 (2002). George Romanes. Click Here

9. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 12, 398-400 (2002). H.J. Muller. Click Here

10. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 8, 445-447 (2002). J.B.S. Haldane. (also Nature Encyc. Hum. Genome. 2003) Click Here

11. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 4, 239-240 (2002). E. Chargaff. Click Here

12. D. R. Forsdyke. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 7, 396-403 (2002). Functional constraint and molecular evolution. Click Here   [Updated for Wiley Online Library 2001, 2005, 2012, 2021]

 

13. D. R. Forsdyke. In: Lewin's GENES X (2010) Editors:  J. E. Krebs, S. T. Kilpatrick & E. S. Goldstein. DRF edited and updated Chapter 4 ("The Interrupted Gene"), and Section 6 of Chapter 8 ("How Did Interrupted Genes Evolve?") (Click Here)  
 

14. Forsdyke, D. R. In: Lewin's GENES XI (2014) Editors.  J. E. Krebs, S. T. Kilpatrick & E. S. Goldstein. Revision of Chapter 4 ("The Interrupted Gene") and Section 6 of Chapter 8 ("How Did Interrupted Genes Evolve?"). Click Here

 

 

Papers in Refereed Journals (1966-1992)

 

Lectin-Activation of Cultured Lymphocytes - Role of Serum Factors - RNA and DNA Synthesis [How cell labelling with radioactive nucleic acid precursors can provide accurate indices of changes in cell activities. Papers 1-5 arise from the 1967 Ph.D thesis.]

 

1.   Quantitative nucleic acid changes during PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in vitro: dependence of the response on the PHA/serum ratio. D.R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. l05, 679-684 (l967). Click Here [Lectin dosage must be adjusted to the serum concentration employed.]

  

2.   The liquid scintillation counter as an analogy for the distinction between "self" and "not-self" in immunological systems. D.R. Forsdyke. Lancet, l, 28l-283 (l968a). Click Here [One of the first "two signal" theories in immunology, reviewed in 2019]

 

3.   Studies of the incorporation of 5-[3H]uridine during activation and transformation of lymphocytes induced by phytohaemagglutinin: dependence of the incorporation rate on uridine concentration at certain critical concentrations.       D.R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. l07, l97-205 (l968b). Click Here [The longer cells are cultured in vitro the more the chance of cultural artefacts. These explorations of usage of an RNA precursor to detect early activation, presaged later identification of genes contributing to differential RNA labelling (see papers 35 onwards).]

 

4.   Incorporation of [3H]-uridine and attachment of cells to glass during activation of lymphocytes induced by PHA. D.R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. l08, 297-302 (l968c). Click Here [Activation is independent of attachment to glass.]

 

5.   A theory of immunity. D. R. Forsdyke. J. Theoret. Biol. 25, l73-l85 (l969a).[More extensive two signal theory as in 1997 thesis.]

 

6.   Impaired activation of thymus lymphocytes by PHA.  D. R. Forsdyke. J. Immunol. l03, 8l8-823 (l969b). [Thymus cells survive poorly in vitro. Here it is shown that it is impaired activation, rather than failure to survive, that results in failure of thymus cells to transform and divide in response to lectin.]

 

7.   Inhibition of lymphocyte activation at high ratios of Con A to serum depends on complement.  P. Milthorp and D. R. Forsdyke. Nature 227, 1351-1352 (l970a). [The emergence of the lectin pathway, one of the three main pathways of complement activation, which relates to innate immunity.]

 

8.   Application of the isotope dilution principle to the analysis of factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]uridine and [3H]cytidine into cultured lymphocytes: evaluation of pools in serum and culture media.  D. R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. l25, 72l-732 (l97l). Click Here  [More explorations of usage of RNA precursors to detect early activation.]

 

9.    Isotope dilution analysis of cell stimulation or inhibition by biological media. D. R. Forsdyke & P. Milthorp. J. Immunol. Methods, l, 207-209 (l972a).

 

10.  Immunological defect in Whipple's disease.  A. Groll, L. Valberg, J. Simon, D. Eidinger, B. Wilson and D. R. Forsdyke. Gastroenterology, 63, 943-950 (l972b).

 

11.  Serum factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]uridine by lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin-A:  studies of the role of complement.  P. Milthorp & D. R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. l32, 803-8l2 (l973a). Click Here  [More detailed studies of the lectin pathway of complement activation and culture conditions.]

 

12.  A comparison of the activation of thymus and lymph-node cells by concanavalin-A and phytohaemagglutinin.  P. Milthorp and D. R. Forsdyke. J. Immunol. Methods 2, 269-277 (l973b).

 

13.  Serum and lymphocyte activation by phytohaemagglutinin. D. R. Forsdyke. Exp. Cell Research 77, 2l6-222 (l973c).[Cell activation by lectin is likely to be direct.]

 

14.  Serum factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated by antigen:  I. Serum concentration. D. R. Forsdyke. Immunology 25, 583-596 (l973d). Click Here

 

15.  Serum factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated by antigen:  II.  Evidence for a role of complement from studies with heated serum. D.R. Forsdyke. Immunology 25, 597-6l2 (l973e). Click Here

 

16.  Serum factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated by antigen:  III. Evidence for a role of complement from studies with specific complement inhibitors.  D. R. Forsdyke  Immunology 25, 6l3-6l9 (l973f). Click Here

 

17.  Isotope dilution analysis of rate-limiting steps and pools affecting the incorporation of thymidine and deoxycytidine into cultured thymus cells. D. A. Sjostrom & D. R. Forsdyke.  Biochem. J. l38, 253-262  (l974). Click Here [More detailed studies of thymic nucleic acid synthesis under culture conditions in the hope of later employing nucleic acid precursors to examine thymic function more exhaustively.]

 

18.  Further implications of a theory of immunity.  D. R. Forsdyke.  J. Theoret. Biol. 52, l87-l98 (l975a). Click Here [Emergence of the idea that, as well as negative selection, there is positive selection of lymphocyte repertoires. This idea, counterintuitive to many at the time, was presaged by items in papers 14-16.]

 

19.  Evidence for a relationship between chloroquine and complement:  Possible implications for the mechanism of action of chloroquine in disease.  D. R. Forsdyke. Can. J. Microbiol. 2l, l58l-l586 (l975b).

 

20.  Isotope dilution studies of the effects of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and hydroxyurea on the incorporation of deoxycytidine and thymidine by cultured thymus cells.  F.W. Scott & D. R. Forsdyke.  Can. J. Biochem. 54, 238-248 (l976). Also letter: Serum factors which may regulate lymphocyte responses. D. R. Forsdyke Cellular Immunology 24(1), 191 (l976)

 

21. Stimulation by autologous serum preheated at 66oC of the incorporation of [3H]uridine by cultured  lymphocytes: comparison with stimulation by concanavalin-A.  C. M. David & D. R. Forsdyke. Can. J. Biochem. 55, 2l5-222 (l977a). [Attempt to inactivate by heating, serum factors that inhibit spontaneous lymphocyte activation under culture conditions. Later studies (see 31) indicated that these conditions aggregate albumin and release albumin-bound membrane-active molecules.]

  

22.  Role of receptor aggregation in complement-dependent inhibition of lymphocytes by high concentrations of Con-A.  D. R. Forsdyke. Nature, 267, 358-360 (l977b). [More detailed studies of the lectin pathway of complement activation under culture conditions.]

 

23.  Role of complement in the toxicity of dietary legumes.  D. R. Forsdyke. Medical Hypothesis, 4, 97-100 (1978a). [Lectin toxicity for quail could relate to human susceptibility to fava bean toxicity.]

 

24. The rate of DNA synthesis by cultured Chinese Hamster ovary cells: an application of isotope dilution analysis.  F.W. Scott & D. R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. 170, 545-549 (1978b). Click Here [Demonstration that, when pools are taken into account, 3H-thymidine incorporation rate can reflect the actual rate of DNA synthesis under culture conditions.]

25. Comparison of enhancement by heated serum and 2-mercaptoethanol of lymphocyte transformation induced by high concentrations of concanavalin-A.  D. R. Forsdyke & C. M. David. Cellular Immunology, 36, 86-96 (1978c).


(1)  A comparison of short and multiple choice questions in the evaluation of students of biochemistry. D. R. Forsdyke. Medical Education 12, 351-356 (1978d). Click Here [An anticipation of what became known as the Dunning-Kruger Effect.]

 

26.  Serum factors affecting the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by lymphocytes stimulated by antigen.  IV. Comparison of enhancement by heated (56oC) serum and by 2-mercaptoethanol.  D. R. Forsdyke.  Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Imm. 60, 89-96 (1979a). [Further studies suggesting that, perhaps after decay of complement inhibitors, complement may mediate high dose tolerance under culture conditions.]

 

27. Early-onset inhibition of lymphocytes in heterologous serum by high concentrations of concanavalin-A. Further studies of the role of complement with suramin and heated serum. D. R. Forsdyke and P. Milthorp.  Int. J. Immunopharmacology 1, 133-139 (l979b). [More detailed studies of the lectin pathway of complement activation under culture conditions.]

  

28. Isotope dilution analysis of the effects of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine on the incorporation of  thymidine and deoxycytidine by hydroxyurea-treated thymus cells.  F. W. Scott and D. R. Forsdyke. Biochem. J. l90, 72l-730 (l980a). Click Here [More detailed studies aiming to improve use of radioactive precursors in analysis of thymic cell function.]

 

29. Lectin pulses as determinants of lymphocyte activation and inactivation during the first six hours of culture: sequential action of concanavalin-A and complement cause cell lysis.  D. R. Forsdyke. Canad. J.  Biochem. 58, 1387-1396 (1980b).Click Here [More detailed studies of the lectin pathway of complement activation under culture conditions.]

 

30.  Are introns in-series error detecting sequences?  D. R. Forsdyke.  J. Theoret. Biol. 93, 861-866 (1981). Click Here [Together with the work of Darryl Reanney, emergence of the error-correction concept as part of the "introns early" thesis (see later paper 2013).]

 

Membrane Lipids, Cell Aggregation Phenomena, Change in Serum in Disease States (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

 

 

31.  Role of serum in inhibition of cultured lymphocytes by lysophosphatidylcholine.  A. Takeda, R. G. E. Palfree & D. R. Forsdyke. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 710, 87-98 (1982a). Click Here

 

 

32.  Formation of erythrocyte rouleaux in preheated normal serum:  roles of albumin polymers and lysophosphatidylcholine.  D. R. Forsdyke, R. G. E. Palfree & A. Takeda. Canad. J. Biochem. 60, 705-711 (1982b). Click Here

 

 

33.  Rouleau formation as a measure of the phase-separating ability of plasma.  D. R. Forsdyke & P.M. Ford.  J. Theoret. Biol. 103, 467-472 (1983a). Click Here

 

 

34.  Segregation into separate rouleaux of erythrocytes from different species: evidence against the agglomerin hypothesis of rouleaux formation. D. R. Forsdyke & P. M. Ford.  Biochem. J. 214, 257-260  (1983b). Click Here   

 

Complementary DNA Cloning and Characterization of Lymphocyte Activation "G0S" Genes [Emergence of chemokines, regulators of G-protein signalling and many other important gene products, as reviewed in 2019 in Scand J. Immunol.]

 

 

35.  Purification of Oligo dG-tailed Okayama-Berg linker DNA fragments by oligo[dC]cellulose chromatography. D. R. Forsdyke.  Anal. Biochem. 137, 143-145 (1984a).

 

 

36.  Rapid qualitative changes in mRNA populations in cultured human lymphocytes: comparison of the effects of cycloheximide and concanavalin-A.  D. R. Forsdyke. Canad. J. Biochem. 62, 859-865 (1984b).

 

 

37.  cDNA cloning of mRNAs which increase rapidly in human lymphocytes cultured with concanavalin-A and cycloheximide.  D. R. Forsdyke. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 129, 619-625 (1985a). [G0S19, G0S30] (Click Here)

 

 

38.  Heat shock proteins defend against intracellular pathogens: a non-immunological basis for self/non-self discrimination. D. R. Forsdyke. J. Theoret. Biol. 115, 471-473 (1985b). Click Here [Possible role of phase separation phenomena in immunology.]

 

 

39.  A set of human putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch genes includes genes homologous to rodent cytokine and zinc finger protein-encoding genes. Siderovski, D. P., Blum, S., Forsdyke, R. E. & Forsdyke, D. R. DNA Cell Biol. 9, 579-587 (1990a). [more G0S genes] Click Here

 

 

40.  Three human homologs of a murine gene encoding an inhibitor of stem cell proliferation. Blum, S., Forsdyke, R. E., & Forsdyke, D. R. DNA Cell Biol. 9, 589-602 (1990b). [G0S19 chemokine series] Click Here

 

 

41.  Programmed activation of T-lymphocytes. A theoretical basis for short-term treatment of AIDS with azidothymidine. D. R. Forsdyke. Medical Hypothesis. 34, 24-21 (1991a). Click Here [Emergence of the "grouse shooting" or "shock and kill" approach to curing AIDS.]

 

 

42.  Early evolution of MHC polymorphism. D. R. Forsdyke. J. Theoret. Biol. 150, 451-456  (1991b). Click Here

 

 

43.  A human putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene containing a CpG-rich island encodes a small basic protein with the potential to be phosphorylated. Russell, L. & Forsdyke, D. R. DNA Cell Biol. 10, 581-591 (1991c). [G0S2] Click Here


      Bicameral grant review: an alternative to conventional peer review. Forsdyke, D. R. FASEBJ 5, 2313-2314 (1991d). Click Here

 

44.  Two signal model of self/not-self immune discrimination: an update. Forsdyke, D. R. J. Theoret. Biol. 154, 109-118. (1992). Click Here

Shulamit Blum, Laverne Russell & Donald Forsdyke (with permission of all present)

 

Theses Supervised

Student Date Degree Thesis Title
       
Peter Milthorp September 1970 M. Sc. A Study of the Activation of Rat Lymphocytes by Concanavalin-A
Dolores Anne Sjostrom August 1972 M. Sc. Studies on the Incorporation of 3H-Thymidine into DNA of Rat Thymus Cells In Vitro. An Application of Isotope-Dilution Analysis
Claudette Madeleine David October 1975 M. Sc.  Studies on the Activation of Rabbit Lymphocytes by Preheated (66oC) Serum. A Comparison to Stimulation by Concanavalin-A
Fraser Wallace Scott August 1976 Ph. D. Studies of the Incorporation of Thymidine and Deoxycytidine by Cultured Mononuclear Cells. Effects of Nucleosides, Hydroxyurea and 5' Fluorodeoxyuridine
Kimberley Ann Johnston December 1980 M. Sc. Proliferation of Rabbit Lymph Node Cells In Vitro
Akiko Takeda November 1980 Ph. D. Role of Serum in the Inhibition of Cultured Lymph Node Cells by Lysophosphatidylcholine
James D. Waring February 1986 M. Sc. Preparation of a Human Lymphocyte cDNA Expression Library by the Method of Okayama and Berg
Shulamit Blum May 1989 M. Sc. Genomic Structure of Two Members of a Human T-Lymphocyte Putative G0 /G1 Switch Gene Family  [G0S19-1 and G0S19-2]
David P. Sideris [later Siderovski] April 1989 B. Sc. Independent Study 596 Characterization of G0/G1 Switch Genes in Cultured T Lymphocytes (Further information: Click Here)
Scott Patrick Heximer April 1997 Ph.D. Studies on Two Putative G0/G1 Switch Genes in Human T Lymphocytes, RGS2/G0S8 and G0S24
Anthony D. Cristillo February 1998 Ph.D. Characterization of G0/G1 Switch Genes in Cultured T Lymphocytes

 

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This page was established in January 2007 and was last edited 20 Feb 2021 by Donald Forsdyke