Given the HBSC’s holistic approach to health and wellbeing, the study collects information on a variety of behaviours and indicators both directly and systemically associated with wellbeing in adolescents, in addition to demographic factors like gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This way, researchers can investigate how different factors interact and culminate to shape youth health across Canada.

Nutrition

Nutrition

Most students reported they had never experienced specific indicators of food insecurity in their home. Food security is associated with positive mental health. Majorities of cisgender boys and cisgender girls continue to report a body mass index that was categorized as normal weight.

Physical Activity

Physical Activity

Most cisgender boys reported high levels of activity. Cisgender girls and TGD youth reported concerningly lower levels of physical activity.

Sleep

Sleep

Majority of cisgender youth met the recommended sleep guidelines. TGD youth reported high levels of sleep difficulties.

Mental Health

Mental Health

Compared with cisgender girls and TGD youth, cisgender boys reported relatively high levels of positive mental health outcomes. In general, over time, girls and boys are reporting worse mental health outcomes.

Relationships

Relationships

Most cisgender boys and cisgender girls reported having a happy home life. TGD youth report having a more challenging and less supportive home life. Less than half of youth report having highly supportive friends. Happy home life and family/friend support are associated with positive mental health for all youth.

Risky Behaviours

Risky Behaviours

The use of e-cigarettes or vapes has become increasingly popular amongst youth. Between 5% and 19% of youth feel pressure to send sexts. Vaping, cannabis use, and pressure to sext were each correlated with more negative indicators of mental health.

Injuries

Injuries

Compared to years past, reports of injuries decreased in the 2022 cycle. 1 in 10 youth experiencing concussions is concerning, due to the short-term and long-term effects and their known correlation with mental health outcomes.

Bullying and Teen Dating Violence

Bullying & Teen Dating Violence

Fewer students reported bullying others or being both a perpetrator and a victim of bullying when compared to 2018. There has been a significant increase in the number of students reporting being bullied by others.

Screen Time & Social Media

Screen Time & Social Media

Cisgender girls and TGD youth report the highest levels of problematic social media use, based on reporting patterns of use consistent with addiction. The most prevalent risk-taking behaviour that is facilitated through social media was trying to achieve an ideal body shape by following a diet or exercise plan promoted through social media.