Advantages:

• Conversational: ChatGPT is designed to engage in conversational interactions. It can understand and respond to prompts in the context of ongoing conversations, allowing for back-and-forth exchanges
• Natural Language Processing: It leverages advanced natural language processing techniques to understand and generate text. It can comprehend the meaning, syntax, and semantics of human language to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses.
• Broad Knowledge Base: ChatGPT has been trained on a diverse range of internet text, giving it access to a wide variety of knowledge. It can provide information and answer questions on a wide range of topics, including general knowledge, science, history, technology, and more.
• Contextual Understanding: ChatGPT has the ability to understand and remember previous parts of a conversation. It can maintain context and use that information to generate more accurate and meaningful responses.
• Creative and Open-Ended: ChatGPT can generate creative and original responses. It can provide opinions, suggestions, and even engage in storytelling, making it suitable for tasks that require imaginative and open-ended thinking.
• Multilingual Support: While the GPT-3.5 model primarily supports English, it can also handle several other languages to some extent. However, its performance may vary across different languages.
• User Guidance: ChatGPT allows users to guide the conversation by providing instructions or examples. By specifying the desired format or asking it to think step-by-step, users can influence the style and content of the generated response.

Limitations:

• Lack of Real-World Understanding: ChatGPT lacks genuine comprehension and real-world knowledge. It doesn't possess personal experiences or access to real-time information beyond its training data, so it may not have up-to-date information or understand current events.
• Sensitivity to Input Phrasing: The way a question or prompt is phrased can significantly affect the model's response. ChatGPT is highly sensitive to slight changes in wording and may provide different answers or interpretations based on small modifications in the input.
• Overconfidence and Incorrect Answers: ChatGPT may sometimes generate answers that sound plausible but are factually incorrect. It doesn't have an inherent fact-checking mechanism and may provide inaccurate or misleading information, especially on subjective or contentious topics.
• Lack of Critical Thinking: ChatGPT doesn't possess critical thinking abilities or the ability to evaluate the accuracy or quality of its own responses. It generates responses based on patterns it has learned from training data, which can sometimes result in nonsensical or irrational answers.
• Tendency to Guess: In situations where it doesn't have enough information or context, ChatGPT may attempt to guess the user's intent. These guesses can be incorrect and lead to irrelevant or confusing responses.
• Potential Biases and Inappropriate Content: The model is trained on data from the internet, which may contain biased or offensive content. While efforts have been made to mitigate this, there is still a possibility that ChatGPT may exhibit biased behavior or generate inappropriate responses.
• Lack of Emotional Understanding: ChatGPT doesn't possess emotional understanding or empathy. It can't gauge or respond appropriately to emotions expressed by users, and its responses may come across as robotic or insensitive in emotionally charged situations.

Advantages:

• Create different types of polling activities for different purposes/for different stages of the learning sequence (ex., prior knowledge or synthesis knowledge check)
• Customize how the audience responds (anonymous or name required) and how many times they can respond
• Moderation settings to filter profanity and emojis
• Ability to preview and test polls before activating
• Add-on to embed directly in PowerPoint slides
• Can share using embed code so students can respond and view results all within the course webpage
• Visual settings to customize colours, fonts, background, and display features

Limitations:

• PowerPoint integration for Mac can be temperamental
• When embedding activities in a D2L content page can cause issues with navigation jumping down the page to the activity
• Very limited options in the free version
• The default setting deactivates activities after one day
• Responses to word cloud activity will treat each word as a separate response, so the response "backward design" would show backward and design as two separate responses

Advantages:

• User-friendly (not as steep of a learning curve as other design tools)
• Free to use, or upgrade to a paid subscription for added features (education plan available)
• Large repository of templates within various disciplines to guide users through the creation process
• Integration with other apps to import content for design (ex. SharePoint, Dropbox, Google Drive, Facebook, Instagram), integrate designs from other locations (ex. Flourish, QR Code Generator, Flikr, Giphy, Bitmoji), and share/publish designs (Powtoon, Mailchimp, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Powerpoint, Slack, Twitter)
• Design websites and publish them on a Canva domain without coding
• Blog with inspiration for how to utilize the Canva design elements (https://www.canva.com/learn/education/)
• Tutorials and courses to guide users through using various tools (for different purposes)
• Can invite a "team" or collaborators to edit your designs

Limitations:

• No built-in tool to verify WCAG compliance
• The free Canva library is quite limited (most images, fonts, and templates require a Pro account)
• The mobile app is very difficult to use and restricts a lot of the design functionality available through the site
• Export settings are limited. Cannot download the "raw" file to make more advanced edits in other programs

Advantages:

• Log in through Single Sign On
• Hosted at Queen's
• Mobile-friendly
• In class polling
• Quiz asynchronous option
• Review Option
• Export Grades

Limitations:

• Not Integrated with onQ grades
• Not integrated with PowerPoint

Advantages:

• Available to everyone at Queen's; Integrated with Microsoft Authentication, Panopto, and onQ

Limitations:

• Can conflict with an existing Zoom account

Advantages:

• Easily manage and grade assessments in any size classroom, both online and offline

Limitations:

• Limitations in the types of assessments that can be created

Advantages:

• Built on the WordPress publishing and blogging platform; If you have used WordPress in the past, Pressbooks should feel familiar
• Can provide a no-cost alternative to textbooks
• Provides stable access to instructional materials offline; Students can download and print a copy of the textbook
• Suitable platform for Open Educational Resources (free public access)
• Great search function
• Freely available through eCampus
• H5P integration
• Easy to update files and republish
• Export to multiple file formats

Limitations:

• Linear structure, much like a textbook
• Dissemination of information is one-directional; does not include opportunities for peer-to-peer interactions
• Not as visually appealing as some other web-based platforms, like Articulate Rise, which includes more dynamic visual elements
• Although the built-in html editor provides some customization, it is quite limited in the customization it will accept; it will rewrite .html code after saving
• Limited plug-ins and integrations for rich media

Advantages:

• Easy to use
• Large asset library (images, videos, characters, music)
• Quickly create engaging content
• Shared libraries within a team are available

Limitations:

• Captions must be added through an external platform
• May not be appropriate for technical content
• Text accents and equations are not supported unless they are added as an image

Advantages:

• Simulates the fast pace and efficiency of face-to-face communication, enabling real-time assistance to students while they are studying outside of office hours
• Great for exam prep
• Supports LaTeX
• Supports embedded images
• Automatically displays code syntax highlighting; can compile and run code snippets in published posts
• Validates importance of peer collaboration in problem-solving

Limitations:

• Most appropriate for assignments with verifiable solutions; Not intended for personal reflection or essay-format discussions with multiple points of view and no clear solution
• No grading functionality
• Paid subscription is required to be able to use polls, access course statistics, and lock the class during exams

Advantages:

• Allows students to collaboratively annotate, ask questions, and clarify passages of readings
• Enhances dialogue between instructors and students
• Promotes deeper engagement with readings

Limitations:

• Quality of student contributions is highly variable; monitoring posts is recommended
• Some students may attempt to game the auto-grading system
• At least 15 students need to comment on a discussion to auto-grade comments
• Cannot be used to comment on live webpages; students can add annotations to a static screenshot of the webpage