This anatomy course is designed to introduce students to the basic structure and functional relationship of the human body. Through a series of weekly learning modules, students will learn about the basic language of Gross Anatomy and Histology in order to understand the working of various body systems. This course is also suitable for individuals who have a general interest in human anatomy.

A basic anatomy course with an emphasis on clinical relevance of structure and function of human body systems. 
RECOMMENDATION 4U Biology.

The general principles of human structure and function as appreciated through a survey of the morphological sciences, including: history of anatomy; embryology; neuroanatomy; developmental, microscopic and gross anatomy of the locomotor system.
NOTE Priority will be given to students registered in a LISC Specialization Plan.

The general principles of human structure and function as appreciated through a survey of the development, microscopic and gross anatomy of the body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, immune/lymphatic, endocrine, digestive and genitourinary.
NOTE Priority will be given to students registered in a LISC Specialization Plan.

This course is designed to introduce the foundations of human structure and function to students at all levels of post-secondary education. Through a series of learning modules, students will develop an understanding of the architecture of the human body through interactive study using a virtual cadaver. This course will survey the gross and microscopic anatomy of the body organ systems including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems.
NOTE Only offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.
NOTE May not be taken for credit towards the Plan requirements of the LISC Specialization or Major Plans.

Introduction to mammalian histology, or microscopic anatomy, a branch of anatomical sciences focusing on structures and functions of tissues and cells at the light and electron microscope level. Structure-function relationships within many tissues and organs at the cell and tissue level will be a focus.
NOTE Priority will be given to students registered in a LISC Specialization Plan or Health Sciences plan.

Study of the structure and function of the nervous system by lectures, hands-on laboratories, brain dissection, and readings. Topics include, but are not limited to, sensory and motor systems, brain imaging, and clinical examples.

Gross and functional anatomy of the back, body wall, upper and lower limbs, including blood supply and neural controls.

Gross and functional anatomy of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, head and neck.

ANAT 380 will explore regional anatomy of the human body focusing on the major organ systems, their components, and the relationships between them. In this course, students will apply anatomical knowledge to collaboratively solve case-based clinical scenarios, and develop a realistic clinical case based on an underlying anatomical issue.
Note: Also offered online.

A focused histological and cell biological study of three selected mammalian tissues, organs and/or systems.

Comprehensive overview of cellular and molecular mechanisms that direct embryogenesis including gastrulation, neurulation, establishment of body axes, differentiation, sex determination, limb development, organogenesis, and teratology. Participation in seminar presentations and group discussions is required.

In ANAT 471, students work individually/collaboratively to explore stages of normal human embryonic and fetal development and how changes in underlying mechanisms link to common congenital or developmental abnormalities. Various assessments include quizzes, a journal club, a PBL investigating a developmental abnormality, a midterm and final exam.

An examination of the development and present state of knowledge in selected research areas of Anatomy and Cell Biology. Research project involves experimental design, data collection and analysis, written report, poster presentation and oral presentation. Students will be required to attend seminars and tutorials on topics related to research. Limited enrolment; restricted to fourth year honours, permission of the department required.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

Chemical principles as applied to biochemistry, human and clinical biochemistry.
NOTE Primarily intended for students in Nursing, Life Sciences, or Biochemistry programs. Other Arts and Science students require permission of the Department to enrol.

Molecules and macromolecules that participate in the replication and expression of genes. Current methods for exploring the structure, function, and manipulation of genetic material.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.
LEARNING HOURS may vary. 120 (36L;12T;72P)
EQUIVALENCY MBIO 218/3.0.

This course will introduce general biochemical concepts that will allow for an understanding of the biological and chemical principles underlying human physiology, health and disease. The course will provide self-paced learning and utilize evidence-based teaching principles, small group learning, peer-learning and guided-independent learning methodologies to provide an inclusive learning environment. Students will gain an enhanced appreciation of general applications of biochemistry as applied in day to day healthy life and during the disease states, diagnosis and clinical management of metabolic disorders.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.
NOTE This introductory biochemistry online course is intended for prospective students in Nursing, Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Commerce, and general science programs.
NOTE May not be taken for credit towards the Plan requirements of the BCHM or LISC Specialization or Major Plans.

Principles of protein biochemistry, enzymology, and protein engineering. Metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids. Role of coenzymes. Generation and storage of metabolic energy. Principles of regulatory mechanisms, membrane structure and function, hormone action, and cellular signalling.
NOTE Students lacking the prerequisites CHEM 222/3.0 or CHEM 282/3.0 may take these courses as a corequisite with permission of the Department.

This course will provide an in depth view of the molecular mechanisms controlling how genes are organized, regulated and expressed in mammalian cells. Once you understand how proteins are made, you will learn a variety of approaches to visualize and measure proteins and enzymatic activities in mammalian cells.
NOTE If you have taken or are currently registered in BCHM 310/9.0 you may contact the department for permission to enrol.

Principles of protein biochemistry, enzymology, and protein engineering.
NOTE Students lacking the prerequisites CHEM 222 or CHEM 282 may take these courses as a corequisite with permission of the Department.

Metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids. Role of coenzymes. Generation and storage of metabolic energy. Principles of regulatory mechanisms, membrane structure and function, hormone action, and cellular signalling.

Application of separation and assay techniques to the study of proteins, metabolism and molecular biology. Attendance required in both terms. Enrollment will be limited because of laboratory constraints, and selection will be based on academic standing.

Application of separation and essay techniques to the study of proteins, metabolism and molecular biology.
NOTE This course is for outgoing Biochemistry Honours exchange students who are not able to obtain the equivalent of BCHM 317/6.0 when on exchange.

An introduction to the field of applied genomics for identifying genes underlying multi-factorial traits, diseases, and drug treatment outcomes. Basic principles of gene mapping studies will be covered in the context of recent advances in the field including statistical methods, and integrative analyses of biological datasets.
Notes: Also offered online
LEARNING HOURS may vary: 120(48O;72P)

This course presents an integrated approach to the study of protein function. Topics include proteomic techniques, mass spectrometry, protein purification, imaging, surface plasmon resonance, calorimetry, bioinformatics and protein evolution, protein modifications and processing, interpretation and applications of 3-D structure, and structure-function relationships. 
NOTE    Offered jointly with BMED 810/3.0. Students in a LISC or BMCO Plan should contact the Department regarding prerequisites and permission to register.

This course concentrates on the molecular biology of mammalian models particularly mechanisms involved in human diseases. The human genome project, forensic analysis, DNA diagnostics of human diseases, models of transcriptional and growth regulation and cancer, DNA repair, RNA processing and translation are all discussed. Emphasis on recent findings and course materials will be drawn from current reviews. 
NOTE Offered jointly with BMED 811/3.0. Students in a LISC or BMCO Plan should contact the Department regarding prerequisites and permission to register.

Biochemical research techniques with emphasis on nucleic acids, protein structure and function, regulation of gene expression and metabolic control processes.
NOTE 6.0-unit course offered in the Fall Term.

An independent research project by each student in one of the departmental research labs. Evaluation is based on oral presentation, lab performance and a thesis.
NOTE 6.0-unit course offered in the Fall Term.

Principles of regulatory mechanisms; regulation of cellular function and growth by oncogenes, growth factors, isoprenoids and steroid hormones. Receptors, second messengers and protein phosphorylation. Correlation of cell ultrastructure with biochemical function. Description of the components, assembly, metabolism and evolution of cellular structures are described.
NOTE Offered jointly with BMED 832/3.0. Students in a LISC Plan should contact the Department regarding prerequisites and permission to register.

Tutorials, assignments and demonstrations in important subjects in biochemistry emphasizing topics of broad interest. Particular emphasis will be paid to the applications of biochemical knowledge and new technologies.
NOTE Students in the BCHM Specialization Plan registered in BCHM 421 and BCHM 422 will not be allowed to register in BCHM 441; Students in the LISC Specialization Plan registered in one of ANAT 499, CANC 499, EPID 499, LISC 499, MICR 455, MICR 499, NSCI 499, PATH 499, PHAR 499or PHGY 499 will not be allowed to register in BCHM 441.

Seminars, assignments and demonstrations focused on important subjects in biochemistry, emphasizing the scientific pipeline, from discovery to commercialization. Particular emphasis will be placed on applications of biochemical knowledge and new technologies.
NOTE    Students in the BCHM Major Plan registered in BCHM 441/3.0 will not be allowed to register in BCHM 442/3.0.

This course will focus on the principles of proteomics and metabolomics and their application in the new systems biology `omics approach to scientific discovery. This course will emphasize both the methodologies used in proteomics and metabolomics, as well as their applications in both research, medical diagnostics, and disease management.
NOTE: Only offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.

This online course is designed to introduce students to cancer as an evolutionary problem. The material is unique in that it emphasizes the impact of the immune system in fighting cancer while at the same time shaping tumour cell evolution. Students will need to synthesize the impact of factors present in the tumour microenvironment.
NOTE Also offered online.

A consideration of current knowledge and theories about the biology and treatment of cancer. The course will be presented in a small group format, with active student participation required.
NOTE Priority to students in the LISC Specialization Plan, CANC Sub-Plan.

A research project involving the study of cancer biology or genetics. The project will be supervised by a faculty member associated with the Cancer Research Institute, and will provide opportunities for experimental design, data analysis and both written and oral presentation of results. Students must contact a potential faculty supervisor in the Spring preceding registration in fourth year. Enrolment is limited; acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

An advanced organ systems approach to the physiological principles underlying cardiac function and oxygen delivery using lectures, seminars, and selected readings. Topics include mechanics and regulation of heart function as well as perturbations in cardiac function. Oxygen delivery and utilization will be examined at the levels of the lung, blood, and tissue. The responses to alterations in oxygen demand and/or supply will also be addressed. Obstructive sleep apnea will be used as a model of a pathological cardiorespiratory system interactions.
NOTE Priority given to students in the CRSS Sub-Plan.

A study of the physiology, pharmacology and anatomy of the cardiovascular system. Topics include integrative mechanisms of control and pharmacotherapy involved in short-term and long-term control of the circulation in health and disease.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.

An intensive course surveying the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of the major cardiovascular diseases, and the current and emerging tolls used in their diagnosis and treatment. Alterations in signalling, metabolism, and structure and function will be discussed to present an integrative view of how cardiovascular diseases develop and progress.
NOTE Priority given to students in the CRSS Sub-Plan.

An advanced course in which students attend cardiology and respirology rounds in the Department of Medicine and prepare written and oral reports based on the material presented. The course will provide students with an in-depth exposure to topics in clinical cardiorespiratory science. The course will be offered in alternate years.
NOTE Priority given to students in the CRSS Sub-Plan.

Basic methods involved in researching the distribution and determinants of health/disease in populations. Core principles of epidemiology are examined, as are the various epidemiological approaches to study design. The latter include descriptive (cross-sectional and ecological), observational (case-control and cohort), and experimental (randomized controlled trials) approaches.

An applied statistics course covering practical topics in tests and confidence intervals for single and multiple samples, ANOVA, linear regression, correlations, methods for categorical data, and nonparametric methods. The lab uses statistical software. The course emphasizes analyzing data arising in life sciences using practical statistical methods.

An examination of an epidemiological research question chosen by the student with guidance from the supervisor. Project will involve review of the literature, development of a proposal, data collection and/or processing, data analysis, a written report and oral presentation. Students will be required to attend and report on seminars of their choosing from a number of venues across campus. Limited enrolment.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

Advanced study of the early stage components involved in the complex process of drug development including target identification, design and synthesis, structure activity relationships, in vitro and in vivo efficacy determination, biochemical and biological optimization.
NOTE Priority given to students in the LISC Specialization Plan, DDHT Sub-Plan.

Advanced study of the component parts of the complex process of drug discovery and development and the assessment of human toxicology including drug delivery and formulation, directed toxicology studies, drug disposition, clinical trials, legal issues and regulatory approval.
NOTE Priority given to students in the LISC Specialization Plan, DDHT Sub-Plan.

This course will use an evidence-based approach to address the impact of social and environmental exposures and circumstances on health at both an individual and population level.

Multidisciplinary course organized around five major fields of scientific endeavour: anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and population and global health

Introduction to fundamentals of health-related research methods with a focus on developing critical reasoning skills. Using examples from a wide range of health-related research topics, students will gain familiarity and skills to assess primary literature at a basic level.

Emphasis will be placed on population health, instead of the health of individuals. Population and Global health prioritize partnerships and resource sharing, instead of unilateral relationships, and focuses on advocacy.

Teams of students will identify the critical questions that must be answered to resolve major controversies or gaps of knowledge that impede the application of fundamental principles in the Life Sciences to health care. The end product will be a written report and public presentation that is accessible to a wide audience.
NOTE Restricted to students registered in Level 3 or above in a (LISC Specialization or Major Plan or BCHM Specialization or Major Plan or BIOL Plan or PSYC Plan).
NOTE Limited enrollment available to BIOL and PSYC students.

Introduction to ethical, legal and regulatory requirements for people working in the health professions.

Students will develop an understanding of the three primary types of research employed in health sciences: Experimental quantitative, observational quantitative, and qualitative

Examines technologies that are in use/evolving in the aging support and anti-aging arsenal, including gerontechnology and anti-aging technologies.

Students will learn a number of different laboratory techniques, developing skills in scientific methodology, data acquisition, and interpretation. Students will also attain skills in critical thinking and hypothesis development, as well as gain experience in writing a laboratory report, and participating in research presentations.
NOTE Priority will be given to students registered in a LISC Specialization Plan.

An intermediate laboratory course on the Physiology and Pharmacology of Cardiorespiratory Sciences and Neuroscience. Students develop skills to acquire and evaluate data and methods. Critical thinking skills are used for the development of arguments, assumptions, and information required to evaluate concepts and hypotheses.
NOTE Priority will be given to students registered in a LISC Specialization Plan.

A multi-disciplinary course exploring advanced concepts of sensorimotor integration from a systems neuroscience perspective. Topics include the neural basis of perception, action selection, reinforcement learning, and motor control. Students will learn to critically evaluate scientific literature and present these concepts to classmates.

Students will take knowledge gained from GLPH 271/3.0 or LISC 271/3.0, and apply it in this course, which will focus on more advanced topics of population and global health, as well as provide experiential learning.

This course examines basic principles of infectious diseases, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, transmission, and control of infectious agents, with an emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and resistance.

This course will strengthen students¿ abilities to respond to a community¿s health needs through a practical service learning position with an approved local or international community health organization

This course provides the student with a foundation in the subdisciplines of bacteriology, virology, parasitology, and immunology. The course is designed to examine common infectious diseases through a body-systems approach. Laboratory and tutorial sessions emphasize diagnostic microbiology.

A fundamental study of the structure, genetics, and growth of microorganisms, focusing on bacteria and viruses. The roles of microbes in the environments in which they exist will be considered.

This course focuses on 1) the overall organization of the immune system, 2) the role of the immune system in combating diseases caused by common pathogens as well as adverse reactions of the immune system and 3) application of the basic knowledge of immunology to the field of infectious disease prevention and control by vaccines and treatment of cancer. The unique features of this course lie in its overall structure and delivery that will prepare the student for further in-depth learning in the field of immunology.
NOTE This online course in infection and immunity is designed for students from various biological sciences and allied health backgrounds at all levels of post-secondary education and is recommended as a foundation course for students pursuing a life sciences career.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.
NOTE May not be taken for credit towards the Plan requirements of the LISC Specialization or Major Plans.

An introduction to the biology of microbes, including both pathogenic & beneficial bacteria, viruses, fungi, & protozoa. This overview of the biological features of these microorganisms will highlight these organisms¿ roles in the environment & in human health contributing to infectious diseases vs. maintaining healthy microbiomes.
NOTE Only offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences Program office.

This immersive laboratory course is designed to give students the opportunity to apply important microbiological and biochemical research techniques to the study of antibiotic resistance. Students work in small groups on a semester-long project, developing valuable lab skills that will support them with future research
opportunities.

This course will focus on the roles of microbes in health (human microbiome) and disease (pathogens). The molecular mechanisms of bacterial/viral virulence and the host response will be examined in order to develop an in depth understanding of the etiology of infectious diseases and the benefits derived from the human microbiome. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office
NOTE Also offered online. Learning Hours may vary.

The general principles and mechanism of immune reaction. Immunochemical and immunobiological aspects of antibody formation and cell-mediated immunity in health and disease will be considered.

Integrates the key principles of immunology to facilitate learning of immunology as it relates to human health and disease. This course offers real-life case studies, problems encountered and solutions applied, immunology virtual laboratory simulation, and extensive coverage of the basic science underlying each topic in the module.
Also offered online.
LEARNING HOURS may vary:120(48O;72P)

An in-depth analysis of the genetics, biochemistry, assembly and function of the major structures of the procaryotic cell. Emphasis on the experimental approaches in the current literature.

A detailed description of the processes of heredity in bacteria including a discussion of gene structure and evolution, gene expression and its control, the exchange of genetic material in the microbial world and genetic engineering and its applications. The laboratory component will emphasize modern approaches to genetic engineering.
NOTE Offered in alternate years to MICR 435/3.0.

Further study of contemporary virology, using the textbook as a guide to particles, genomes, replication, expression, infection and pathogenesis. Emphasizing reading and writing to develop skills in observation and critical thinking, important attributes in understanding the scientific method.
NOTE Offered in alternate years to MICR 451/3.0.

The nature of selected animal virus groups and their interactions with the host in disease production. Special emphasis on the pathogenesis of tumour and human immunodeficiency viruses.
NOTE Offered in alternate years to MICR 450/3.0.

Course material will focus on the molecular basis for virus pathogenesis including host immune responses to virus infection, and viral countermeasures. Emphasis will be on viral infections that result in gastrointestinal, haematological, neurological, and respiratory diseases. Tutorials will focus on discussion of current and seminal literature.

Advanced immunology course focused on current topics in immunology and immunology-related scientific research.

A research project supervised by and closely related to the research program of a faculty member. The research project involves experimental design, data collection and analysis, written report and oral presentation. Students will be required to attend seminars and tutorials on topics related to research. Limited enrolment.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

Fundamental properties of the nervous system. Emphasis placed on the properties of neurons that are fundamental to neuron-to-neuron communication, the formation of neural circuits, and the repair of the nervous system following injury. Tutorials introduce techniques and neurological problems that illustrate principles of neural function.

Fundamental properties of the nervous system. Emphasis placed on the properties of neurons and neural circuits that underlie behaviour and cognitive functions within selected neural systems, such as sensory, motor, reward, and autonomic systems. Tutorials introduce techniques and neurological problems that illustrate principles of neural function.

An active learning-based course aimed at providing a thorough scientific perspective on psychedelics. Students will learn about the historical and cultural relevance of psychedelics, their mechanisms of action, and their current and predicted therapeutic use. Emphasis will be placed on rigorously verified knowledge surrounding psychedelic therapy. Course format encourages students to acquire and/or perfect essential learning competencies such as critical thinking, independent learning, problem-solving, communication and teamwork.

This course will provide an introduction to the main modelling approaches and theoretical concepts in Neuroscience. The computational anatomy of the brain and how it implements perception, learning, memory, decision making and motor control, among other topics, will be discussed.
RECOMMENDATION NSCI 323/3.0, NSCI 324/3.0, ANAT 312/3.0, PSYC 271/3.0.

This course covers the theory and practice of modern neuroimaging methods. Topics include data acquisition, research study design, and analysis methods. Functional MRI is presented in the most depth, but computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), are also covered.

A contemporary and comprehensive assessment of the neurochemical anatomy and neuropharmacology of the mammalian and human nervous systems as they relate to development, function and disease. Topics will include dynamics of neurotransmitter interactions, neuronal drug receptor interactions and second messengers, neurotoxicity associated transmitters and neural growth factors.
NOTE BMCO students should contact the Department regarding prerequisites.

A course providing 1) the essentials in cellular and molecular neuroscience to pursue a graduate program and/or a career in neuroscience or related field, and 2) independent learning and communication skills applicable broadly. The course is divided into three segments: 1) neuronal integration, 2) synaptic plasticity, and 3) neuromodulation.
NOTE BMCO students should contact the Department regarding prerequisites.

A multi-disciplinary course exploring advanced concepts of clinical neuroscience. Topics include stroke, traumatic brain and cord injuries, neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, deep brain stimulation, pain and placebo effects, normal and abnormal aging, stem cells. Students will learn to critically evaluate scientific literature and present these concepts to classmates during student-led seminars. Restricted to fourth-year students. Enrollment is limited.

Cellular dysfunction is a critical feature of neural injury and disease among humans. This course will examine the cellular elements of the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system, with an emphasis placed on understanding normal and abnormal cellular function in both humans and animal models.
NOTE Restricted to students registered in the 4th year.

As insight regarding the human brain expands, so do related issues such as what constitutes personhood, what drives the criminal mind, intelligence-enhancing drugs and end-of-life issues. Lead by experts who deal daily with such concerns, we will focus weekly on a particular topic in neuroscience which impacts on society.

An exploration of brain systems underlying how the we learn and remember, and how they become disordered. Online multimedia modules and study of cutting edge research articles reveal how modern techniques and ideas are driving neuroscience forward. Requires interviewing a person with a disorder in order to learn to advocate for them in society.

Laboratory course in a selected area of Neuroscience to be arranged in consultation with individual members of the Centre for Neuroscience Studies. Course involves experimental design, data collection and analysis (approximately 6 hours of laboratory work per week required) as well as a brief communication of the laboratory work.
NOTE Students are limited to one NSCI 491/3.0 research project in Year 4.
NOTE    Students whose research project requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

An investigation into a selected area of neuroscience. The research project involves experimental design, data collection, and analysis, written report and oral presentation. Students will be required to attend seminars and tutorials on topics related to research. Limited enrolment.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

The course provides an introduction to human disease and our understanding of key conditions with major global health and societal impact, including cardiovascular, neurological and infectious diseases and cancer. The basic concepts of disease mechanisms and current management will be explored using specific diseases and clinical example cases.
Also offered online.
LEARNING HOURS may vary 120(12L;36G;36O;36P)

An introduction to pathology and molecular medicine. The course will be organized around a specific set of diseases, designed to illustrate basic concepts in the molecular biology, biochemistry, and pathology of human disease.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.

This upper-year health sciences course covers topics relating to the integrated role of clinical biochemists within a healthcare team. Students will critique analytical techniques in the context of various diseases. Through problem-based learning, students will also explore how to identify and troubleshoot issues in laboratory testing.

The course introduces data science tools and methods to handle, process and extract knowledge and insights from large molecular medicine datasets. The focus will be on applying statistics, machine learning and related methods for the analysis of various research datasets and digital pathology.

An advanced level course introducing current topics in human genetics. The course will focus on the significance and implications of genetic variation and its role in disease, development and normal human diversity. In particular, the course will explore the future directions and implications of human genetic research in the post genomic era. Participation in seminars and group discussions is required. Enrollment is limited.
RECOMMENDATION BCHM 218/3.0 or permission of the course coordinator.

An in-depth perspective of the pathogenesis of human disease. An integration of the genetic, biochemical, physiologic, anatomic, and general etiologic factors which play a role in the progression of several specific diseases from inception to death or recovery. The course will comprise short introductory presentations by teaching faculty followed by the presentation and discussion of relevant scientific papers by students. Given jointly with PATH 826/3.0.

A research project involving the study of human disease processes. The project will be supervised by a Faculty member in the Department and will provide opportunities for experimental design, data analysis and both written and oral presentation of results. Students must contact a potential faculty supervisor in the Spring preceding registration in fourth year.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

Topics covered include central nervous system stimulants and depressants, narcotics, alcohol, cardiovascular agents, contraceptives, environmental toxicants, mechanism of drug action and disposition, antibiotics, drugs used in sports, over-the-counter drugs, food additives, and vitamins.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office. Learning Hours may vary.

Lecture series on the following topics: principles of drug action, autonomic pharmacology, cardiovascular-renal pharmacology, neuropsychopharmacology, chemotherapy, drugs acting on the endocrine system, over-the-counter drugs, and therapeutic applications.

Topics include: fundamental principles of drug action, autonomic nervous system pharmacology, and toxicology.

An interdisciplinary course that introduces the basic principles and clinical applications of pharmacology. This 12-week course covers six topics. Students will work through the topics online, using a combination of online modules, readings, and short video clips. Students will participate in a variety of assessments throughout the course.
LEARNING HOURS may vary: 120(48O;72P)
Also offered online.

This course will explore the human toxicology associated with both pharmaceutical and environmental exposures. Topics include metabolism and mechanisms of toxicity of various pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants. Toxicological effects of specific classes of environmental toxicants and different groups of pharmaceuticals are also discussed.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.

An advanced study of chemical disposition and toxicity. Topics include toxicokinetics, biotransformation, metabolite-mediated toxicity, free radicals, the mechanism of action of toxicants, effects of toxicants on organ systems and a detailed examination of selected toxic agents.
NOTE BCHM, BIOL, BMCO, ELSC, and ETOX students should contact the Department for permission to enrol in this course.

Topics include: neuropsychopharmacology, cardiovascular pharmacology, agents acting on the endocrine system, and chemotherapy.
NOTE This course involves team based learning sessions and a drug literature evaluation assignment.

This survey course covers the life-cycle of pharmaceutical products including discovery, development, and the transition to a generic or over-the-counter medication. Specific themes include target identification, design and synthesis, efficacy determination, optimization, preclinical safety assessment, clinical trials, and the differences between biologics and small chemical entities. Social and economic pressures exerted upon the pharmaceutical industry are also explored.

An examination of the development and present state of knowledge in selected research areas of pharmacology and toxicology. Research project involves experimental design, data collection and analysis, written report and oral presentation. Students will be required to attend seminars and tutorials on topics related to research.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

This is an introductory level course on the structure and function of human cells for students interested in pursuing human health-related disciplines. Students will also learn the principles of energy metabolism, cell growth and proliferation, and how cells interact with their environment. There is also an overall focus to relate cellular processes to human function and disease, culminating in a group presentation focused on one specific cell process and how it affects health. Students taking this course will be well-prepared for upper year molecular biology courses.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office. Learning Hours may vary.

The focus of this course is on the central and peripheral nervous systems, muscle physiology, the heart, and the vascular system.
NOTE This course may be paired with PHGY 216/3.0 to achieve an introductory physiology full course (6.0 units).
NOTE Although it is recommended to take PHGY 215/3.0 first, this course can be taken before, after, or concurrently with PHGY 216/3.0.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office. Learning Hours may vary.

The focus of this course is the physiology of the respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive system.
NOTE This course may be paired with PHGY 215/3.0 to achieve an introductory physiology full course (6.0 units).
NOTE Although it is recommended to take PHGY 215/3.0 first, PHGY 216/3.0 can also be taken before or concurrently with PHGY 215/3.0.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program office.
Learning hour may vary.

This course is designed to advance critical thinking and practical lab skills through collaborative experimentation on human physiological responses to various stimuli. Upon completion, students should be able to (i) plan and perform experimental protocols, (ii) collect, analyze and interpret data and (iii) produce quality presentations of findings.

An introductory course in Pathophysiology in which the underlying functional changes of cell and cell systems will be discussed in association with a variety of disease processes.

An intermediate course focusing on biomedical applications of lung biology. Topics include lung mechanics, gas exchange, acid-base balance and control of breathing.

The electrophysiology and biophysics of neuronal and cardiac membranes; molecular biology, structure, and function of ion channels. Students will learn to critically evaluate scientific literature. Instructional format is primarily student-led seminars.

Cellular and molecular approaches to human intestinal function are described and synthesized into an understanding of intestinal physiology at the organ level. Taught by GI researchers and clinician-scientists; students prepare and present critical appraisals of current primary research papers.

Students are exposed to an in depth study of selected topics in neuroendocrinology and neuroendocrine techniques. Neuroendocrinology refers to the neural control of endocrine and autonomic function. Areas of focus will include central nervous system control of cardiovascular function, reproduction, and appetite. In addition, students will learn to critically evaluate scientific literature. Instructional format is primarily student led seminars.

An investigation in a selected area of physiology. The project involves experimental design, data collection and analysis, submission of written reports, and oral presentations. Students attend seminars/tutorials on related topics.
NOTE Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.

Students will obtain a general background on various aspects of human reproduction, ranging from male and female gamete development to pregnancy and birth. The course will serve as a gateway to more advanced courses in human reproduction and development.
NOTE Also offered online. Consult the Bachelor of Health Sciences program.

This course will be focus on, 1. Common and rare reproductive pathologies with sex and gender associated susceptibilities and disease outcomes. 2. Role of sexual dimorphism in etiology, pathogenesis and immune responses of reproductive diseases. 3. Conventional and advanced tools in diagnosis and treatment of reproductive diseases.

Comprehensive overview of cellular and molecular biology of mammalian
reproduction including gametogenesis, fertilization, early embryo development and placentation; selected topics of clinical aspects of reproduction. Participation in seminars and group discussion is required.

REPD 473, Development Origins of Health and Disease, will cover how the early-life environment contributes to later-life health. Four major topics will be covered: maternal exposures, maternal nutrition, infection, and pregnancy complications. Students will learn about how alterations in the embryonic and fetal environment due to these four parameters can and do contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases that persist throughout life. Students will have the opportunity to explore and consolidate the academic literature pertaining to DOHaD, as well as investigating the resources available to these populations of patients.

An examination of the development and present state of knowledge in selected research areas of Reproduction and Development. Research project involves experimental design, data collection and analysis, written report, poster presentation and oral presentation. Students will be required to attend seminars and tutorials on topics related to research.
NOTE Limited enrolment; restricted to 4th year honours; permission of the Department required. Acceptance by a supervisor required prior to registration.
NOTE Students whose research requires the care and/or handling of animals must also complete the Introductory Animal Care Course and if required the appropriate Animal Use workshops through the Office of the University Veterinarian.